The effectiveness of cathodic protection systems is primarily determined by which factor?

The effectiveness of cathodic protection systems primarily hinges on the condition and placement of anodes. This is because cathodic protection relies on creating a protective electrical field that slows the corrosion of metal surfaces, typically through the use of anodes. Anodes must be strategically placed and in good condition to ensure they can adequately protect the structure by providing the necessary current flow.

If the anodes are not positioned correctly, or if they are degraded or corroded themselves, they won't effectively mitigate the corrosion process. Proper placement maximizes the protection area and ensures that all vulnerable parts of the metal structure are shielded from electrolytic action. Therefore, the design and maintenance of anodes are crucial to the overall success of a cathodic protection system in preventing corrosion.